Python从字符串中的列表中搜索确切的单词？

Question

我需要从字符串中的列表中找到确切的单词。

我试过下面的代码。在这里，我从列表中获得单个单词的精确匹配，但是如何匹配列表中的两个单词。

categories_to_retain = 
['SOLID', 
'GEOMETRIC', 
'FLORAL', 
'BOTANICAL', 
'STRIPES', 
'ABSTRACT', 
'ANIMAL', 
'GRAPHIC PRINT', 
'ORIENTAL', 
'DAMASK', 
'TEXT', 
'CHEVRON', 
'PLAID', 
'PAISLEY', 
'SPORTS'] 

x = " Beautiful Art By Design Studio **graphic print** Creates A **TEXT** Design For This Art Driven Duvet. Printed In Remarkable Detail On A Woven Duvet, This Is An Instant Focal Point Of Any Bedroom. The Fabric Is Woven Of Easy Care Polyester And Backed With A Soft Poly/Cotton Blend Fabric. The Texture In The Fabric Gives Dimension And A Unique Look And Feel To The Duvet." 

x = x.upper() 

print x 

#x = "GRAPHIC" 
#x = "GRAPHIC PRINTS" 


matches = [cat for cat in categories_to_retain if cat in x.split()] 

matches 

Output: 
['TEXT'] 

在这里你可以看到有一个词出现在我的名单'图形打印'。我想从我的字符串中找到这个词。

另外我需要找到单词，即使它以复数或过去式存在。例如，条纹，条纹，图形打印等

感谢， NIRANJAN

Answer 1

这里使用的是默认的拆分（），这意味着它将在每个空间进行分割分割字符串：会有弦x.split（）中的“GRAPHIC”和“PRINT”，但不是“GRAPHIC PRINT”。你可能想用“if cat in x”，我相信这样会返回你在这种情况下需要的。

这应该工作：

matches = [cat for cat in categories_to_retain if cat in x] 

Answer 2

您可以使用正则表达式，这也将有助于避免匹配字符和详细的输入字的顺序就会显示出来。

import re 
matches = [] 
categories_to_retain = ['SOLID', 
    'GEOMETRIC', 
    'FLORAL', 
    'BOTANICAL', 
    'STRIPES', 
    'ABSTRACT', 
    'ANIMAL', 
    'GRAPHIC PRINT', 
    'ORIENTAL', 
    'DAMASK', 
    'TEXT', 
    'CHEVRON', 
    'PLAID', 
    'PAISLEY', 
    'SPORTS'] 

x = " Beautiful Art By Design Studio **graphic print** Creates A **TEXT** Design For This Art Driven Duvet. Printed In Remarkable Detail On A Woven Duvet, This Is An Instant Focal Point Of Any Bedroom. The Fabric Is Woven Of Easy Care Polyester And Backed With A Soft Poly/Cotton Blend Fabric. The Texture In The Fabric Gives Dimension And A Unique Look And Feel To The Duvet." 

x = x.upper() 

print(x) 

def searchWholeWord(w): 
    return re.compile(r'\b({0})\b'.format(w), flags=re.IGNORECASE).search 

for cat in categories_to_retain: 
    return_value = searchWholeWord(cat)(x) 
    if return_value: 
     matches.append(cat) 

print(matches) 

输出：

['GRAPHIC PRINT', 'TEXT'] 

Answer 3

使用带有边界的正则表达式来获得精确匹配，即使你只有一个字，如果你想忽略任何标点符号你的逻辑是行不通的：

import re 

patts = re.compile("|".join(r"\b{}\b".format(s) for s in categories_to_retain), re.I) 

x = " Beautiful Art By Design Studio **graphic print** Creates A **TEXT** Design For This Art Driven Duvet. Printed In Remarkable Detail On A Woven Duvet, This Is An Instant Focal Point Of Any Bedroom. The Fabric Is Woven Of Easy Care Polyester And Backed With A Soft Poly/Cotton Blend Fabric. The Texture In The Fabric Gives Dimension And A Unique Look And Feel To The Duvet." 

print(patts.findall(x)) 

这将使你：

['graphic print', 'TEXT']