检查是否存在具有唯一字段的对象，以在保存之前创建或删除

Question

请考虑此票证模型，其中两个字段（show和seat）应该唯一。它还有一个布尔字段（paid）来表明票是否支付。

型号：

class Ticket(models.Model): 
    show = models.ForeignKey(Show) 
    seat = models.ForeignKey(Seat) 
    user = models.ForeignKey(User) 
    paid = models.BooleanField(default=False) 

    class Meta: 
     unique_together = ('show', 'seat') 

这是客户端的数据

[ 
    {u'seat': 6, u'user': 3, u'show': 2}, 
    {u'seat': 7, u'user': 3, u'show': 2} 
] 

而且意见的例子：

def buy_ticket(request): 
    serialized = TicketSerializer(data=request.data, many=True) 
    if serialized.is_valid(): 
     serialized.save() 
     return Response(serialized.data, status=status.HTTP_201_CREATED) 
    return Response(serialized._errors, status=status.HTTP_400_BAD_REQUEST) 

我想要做的是检查是否有是提供数据的任何票（seat和show）。如果没有这样的票证，则创建一个新票据。否则，如果有票，则检查该票是否已支付。如果未付款，则删除该凭单并用新数据创建一个新凭单，否则会引发错误。

我试图在串行这样的方式，但我仍然得到一个唯一的错误：

class TicketSerializer(serializers.ModelSerializer): 
    class Meta: 
     model = Ticket 
     fields = '__all__' 

    def validate(self, data): 
     try: 
      ticket = Ticket.objects.get(seat=data['seat'], show=data['show']) 
      if not ticket.paid: 
       ticket.delete() 
       return data 
     except Ticket.DoesNotExist: 
      return data 

Answer 1

使用get_or_create：

ticket, created = Ticket.objects.get_or_create(seat=data['seat'], show=data['show'], user=data['user']) 
if not created and not ticket.paid: 
    ticket.delete() 
return data 

你需要user，因为它是一个必填字段。

Answer 2

从whp的建议和修改的The_Cthulhu_Kid答案，试试这个

from django.db import transaction 

class TicketSerializer(serializers.ModelSerializer): 
    class Meta: 
     model = Ticket 
     fields = '__all__' 

    def validate(self, data): 

     with transaction.atomic(): 
      ticket, created = Ticket.objects.get_or_create(seat=data['seat'], show=data['show'], user=data['user']) 
      if not created and not ticket.paid: 
       ticket.delete() 
      else: 
       raise ValidationError("Your error here") 
     return data