SQL Server 2008-获取表约束条件

Question

您能否帮助我构建一个查询来检索所有表中的约束条件，每个表中的约束条数，还可以为没有任何约束条件的表显示NULL。 Thx提前！

这是我到目前为止有：

Select SysObjects.[Name] As [Constraint Name] , 
     Tab.[Name] as [Table Name], 
     Col.[Name] As [Column Name] 
From SysObjects Inner Join 
(Select [Name],[ID] From SysObjects) As Tab 
On Tab.[ID] = Sysobjects.[Parent_Obj] 
Inner Join sysconstraints On sysconstraints.Constid = Sysobjects.[ID] 
Inner Join SysColumns Col On Col.[ColID] = sysconstraints.[ColID] And Col.[ID] = Tab.[ID] 
order by [Tab].[Name] 

Answer 1

你应该使用当前sys目录视图（如果你的SQL Server 2005 或新上 - 在sysobjects观点弃用和应避免） - 检查出extensive MSDN SQL Server Books Online documentation on catalog views here。

有相当多，你可能会感兴趣的一些看法：

• sys.default_constraints对列
• sys.check_constraints对列
• sys.key_constraints关键约束检查约束默认约束（如主键）
• sys.foreign_keys针对外键关系

和很多更多 - 检查出来！

您可以查询并加入这些视图以获取所需信息 - 例如，这将列出对他们定义的表，列和所有默认的限制：

SELECT 
    TableName = t.Name, 
    ColumnName = c.Name, 
    dc.Name, 
    dc.definition 
FROM sys.tables t 
INNER JOIN sys.default_constraints dc ON t.object_id = dc.parent_object_id 
INNER JOIN sys.columns c ON dc.parent_object_id = c.object_id AND c.column_id = dc.parent_column_id 
ORDER BY t.Name 

Answer 2

SELECT 
    [oj].[name] [TableName], 
    [ac].[name] [ColumnName], 
    [dc].[name] [DefaultConstraintName], 
    [dc].[definition] 
FROM 
    sys.default_constraints [dc], 
    sys.all_objects [oj], 
    sys.all_columns [ac] 
WHERE 
    (
     ([oj].[type] IN ('u')) AND 
     ([oj].[object_id] = [dc].[parent_object_id]) AND 
     ([oj].[object_id] = [ac].[object_id]) AND 
     ([dc].[parent_column_id] = [ac].[column_id]) 
    ) 

Answer 3

我尝试过编辑answer通过marc_s但它不被接受，因为某些原因提供。 它对sql进行格式化以便于阅读，包括模式并且还命名默认名称，以便将其轻松地粘贴到其他代码中。

SELECT SchemaName = s.Name, 
     TableName = t.Name, 
     ColumnName = c.Name, 
     DefaultName = dc.Name, 
     DefaultDefinition = dc.Definition 
    FROM sys.schemas    s 
    JOIN sys.tables     t on t.schema_id   = s.schema_id 
    JOIN sys.default_constraints dc on dc.parent_object_id = t.object_id 
    JOIN sys.columns    c on c.object_id   = dc.parent_object_id 
             and c.column_id   = dc.parent_column_id 
ORDER BY s.Name, t.Name, c.name 

Answer 4

我用下面的查询来检索SQL Server 2012中的约束信息，并且完美地工作。我希望它对你有用。

SELECT 
    tab.name AS [Table] 
    ,tab.id AS [Table Id] 
    ,constr.name AS [Constraint Name] 
    ,constr.xtype AS [Constraint Type] 
    ,CASE constr.xtype WHEN 'PK' THEN 'Primary Key' WHEN 'UQ' THEN 'Unique' ELSE '' END AS [Constraint Name] 
    ,i.index_id AS [Index ID] 
    ,ic.column_id AS [Column ID] 
    ,clmns.name AS [Column Name] 
    ,clmns.max_length AS [Column Max Length] 
    ,clmns.precision AS [Column Precision] 
    ,CASE WHEN clmns.is_nullable = 0 THEN 'NO' ELSE 'YES' END AS [Column Nullable] 
    ,CASE WHEN clmns.is_identity = 0 THEN 'NO' ELSE 'YES' END AS [Column IS IDENTITY] 
FROM SysObjects AS tab 
INNER JOIN SysObjects AS constr ON(constr.parent_obj = tab.id AND constr.type = 'K') 
INNER JOIN sys.indexes AS i ON((i.index_id > 0 and i.is_hypothetical = 0) AND (i.object_id=tab.id) AND i.name = constr.name) 
INNER JOIN sys.index_columns AS ic ON (ic.column_id > 0 and (ic.key_ordinal > 0 or ic.partition_ordinal = 0 or ic.is_included_column != 0)) 
            AND (ic.index_id=CAST(i.index_id AS int) 
            AND ic.object_id=i.object_id) 
INNER JOIN sys.columns AS clmns ON clmns.object_id = ic.object_id and clmns.column_id = ic.column_id 
WHERE tab.xtype = 'U' 
ORDER BY tab.name 

Answer 5

你可以用这个查询

唯一约束，

默认的限制值，

外键参照第表和列

和主键约束。

Select C.*, (Select definition From sys.default_constraints Where object_id = C.object_id) As dk_definition, 
(Select definition From sys.check_constraints Where object_id = C.object_id) As ck_definition, 
(Select name From sys.objects Where object_id = D.referenced_object_id) As fk_table, 
(Select name From sys.columns Where column_id = D.parent_column_id And object_id = D.parent_object_id) As fk_col 
From sys.objects As C 
Left Join (Select * From sys.foreign_key_columns) As D On D.constraint_object_id = C.object_id 
Where C.parent_object_id = (Select object_id From sys.objects Where type = 'U' 
And name = 'Table Name Here');